EXTREME EVENTS

Projected Change	Projected Impacts by Sector
	Agriculture, forestry	Water resources	Human health/ mortality	Industry/settlement/society
Warmer/fewer cold days/nights; warmer/more hot days/nights over most land areas.	Increased yields in colder environments; decreased yields in warmer environments;	Effects on water resources relying on snow melt	Reduced human mortality from decreased cold exposure	Reduced energy demand for heating; increased demand for cooling; declining air quality in cities; reduced effects of snow, ice etc.
Warm spells/heat waves: frequency increases over most land areas	Reduced yields in warmer regions due to heat stress at key devel. stages; fire danger increase	Increased water demand; water quality problems, e.g., algal blooms	Increased risk of heat-related mortality	Reduction in quality of life for people in warm areas without air conditioning; impacts on elderly and very young; reduced thermoelectric power production efficiency
Heavy precipitation events: frequency increases over most areas	Damage to crops; soil erosion, inability to cultivate land, water logging of soils	Adverse effects on quality of surface and groundwater; contamination of water supply	Deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, allergies and dermatitis from floods and landslides	Disruption of settlements, commerce, transport and societies due to flooding; pressures on urban and rural infrastructures
Area affected by drought: increases	Land degradation, lower yields/crop damage and failure; livestock deaths; land degradation	More widespread water stress	Increased risk of food and water shortage and wild fires; increased risk of water- and food-borne diseases	Water shortages for settlements, industry and societies; reduced hydropower generation potentials; potentials for population migration
Number of intense tropical cyclones: increases	Damage to crops; windthrow of trees	Power outages cause disruption of public water supply	Increased risk of deaths, injuries, water- and food-borne diseases	Disruption by flood and high winds; withdrawal of risk coverage in vulnerable areas by private insurers
Incidence of extreme high sea level: increases	Salinization of irrigation and well water	Decreased freshwater availability due to saltwater intrusion	Increase in deaths by drowning in floods; increase in stress-related disease	Costs of coastal protection versus costs of land-use relocation; also see tropical cyclones above